NAND Flash Programming
NAND Flash Layout
| MTD | Name | Offset | Size | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mtd0 | MTNCG-NANDFlash | 0x00000000 | 0x10000000 | Whole NAND |
| mtd1 | AT91Bootstrap | 0x00000000 | 0x00020000 | Bootstrap [bootstrap.bin] |
| mtd2 | UBoot | 0x00020000 | 0x00040000 | U-Boot [u-boot.bin] |
| mtd3 | UBoot Config | 0x00060000 | 0x00020000 | U-Boot environment |
| mtd4 | UBoot Redundant Config | 0x00080000 | 0x00020000 | U-Boot redundant environment |
| mtd5 | uImage | 0x000A0000 | 0x00760000 | Linux Kernel [uImage.bin] |
| mtd6 | Config | 0x00800000 | 0x00800000 | Configuration [/var/config] |
| mtd7 | Oem Config | 0x01000000 | 0x00800000 | OEM Specific configuration [not used by default] |
| mtd8 | Rootfs | 0x01800000 | 0x0E800000 | root filesystem [rootfs.jffs] |
Total Size: 256 MB
Block/Sector Size: 128 KB
Flashing from U-Boot
U-Boot can be accessed at boot time from the DEBUG serial port.
- If you have an MTCDP and are using the MultiConnect OCG Break-Out Board, you may connect the Break-Out Board to the MTCDP using the 36-pin cable provided, and then connect a standard 9-pin serial cable to the DEBUG port on the Break-out Board.
- If you have an MTCDP without a MultiConnect OCG Break-Out Board, you will have to remove the case and plug in the provided DEBUG serial cable to the 3-pin connector located on the board. See How to Setup Serial Console Cable.
- If using the MT100EOCG embedded gateway, connect the serial cable to the 3-pin connector on the developer board.
Setting up the U-Boot Environment
Install and configure a TFTP server on your development workstation. For example using in.tftpd and xinetd the following configuration will listen on port 69 and set /tftboot as the tftp root dir.
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp:
service tftp
{
protocol = udp
port = 69
socket_type = dgram
wait = yes
user = nobody
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /tftpboot
disable = no
}
Run minicom and configure the serial port attached to the device to [115200 8N1] with hardware flow control OFF.
Power on the device after connecting the debug cable. You will need to press a key to interrupt U-Boot from booting the system — look for the Hit any key to stop autoboot message.
U-Boot 1.3.4 (Mar 26 2010 - 10:35:18) DRAM: 64 MB NAND: 256 MiB In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Net: macb0 macb0: link up, 100Mbps half-duplex (lpa: 0x40a1) Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 U-Boot>
Some units come already configured with a U-Boot environment that makes flashing the device simple. To check the contents of the U-Boot environment, run printenv and check for variables named tftp_kernel and tftp_rootfs, etc.
U-Boot> printenv
baudrate=115200
ethaddr=00:08:00:87:00:02
bootargs=mem=64M console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock8 ro rootfstype=jffs2
bootcmd=nboot.jffs2 ${loadaddr} 0 ${kernel_addr}; bootm ${loadaddr}
bootdelay=3
...
tftp_kernel=tftp ${loadaddr} ${kernel_file}; run erase_kernel; nand write.jffs2 ${fileaddr} ${kernel_addr} ${filesize}
tftp_config=tftp ${loadaddr} ${config_file}; run erase_config; nand write.jffs2 ${fileaddr} ${config_addr} ${filesize}
tftp_oem=tftp ${loadaddr} ${oem_file}; run erase_oem; nand write.jffs2 ${fileaddr} ${oem_addr} ${filesize}
tftp_rootfs=tftp ${loadaddr} ${rootfs_file}; run erase_rootfs; nand write.jffs2 ${fileaddr} ${rootfs_addr} ${filesize}
krb=run tftp_kernel; run tftp_rootfs; boot
rb=run tftp_rootfs; boot
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
stderr=serial
Environment size: 2445/131067 bytes
U-Boot>
If these variables do exist, then modify the serverip, ipaddr, and netmask variables to match your network and device and save the settings to make the changes permanent. Then continue to the “Flash the Kernel from U-Boot” section below.
U-Boot> set ipaddr 192.168.2.1 U-Boot> set serverip 192.168.2.2 U-Boot> set netmask 255.255.255.0 U-Boot> save Saving Environment to NAND... Erasing redundant Nand... Erasing at 0x80000 -- 100% complete. Writing to redundant Nand... done U-Boot> save Saving Environment to NAND... Erasing Nand... Erasing at 0x60000 -- 100% complete. Writing to Nand... done U-Boot>
If the tftp_kernel and tftp_rootfs variables do not exist in the U-Boot environment, follow the instructions below to update the U-Boot environment for flashing.
Copy the U-Boot environment setup script to a location with a shorter path. The full path needs to be short enough to fit in the Minicom run script menu.
cp $OETREE/multitech/contrib/uboot-setenv $HOME/uboot-setenv
Edit ${HOME}/uboot-setenv to match your network and device.
send setenv serverip 192.168.2.2 send setenv ipaddr 192.168.2.1 send setenv netmask 255.255.255.0
Run the U-Boot environment setup script. At minicom type CTRL-A G and enter ${HOME}/uboot-setenv as the name of the script to run. When the script finishes it should save and print out the environment. Make sure you expand ${HOME} to your actual home dir when entering the script name.
Flash the Kernel from U-Boot
Make sure oe_uImage.bin is in your tftpboot dir then run the tftp kernel command.
If you have TFTPBOOT_DIR set in your env-oe.sh script then this should happen automatically after building.
U-Boot> run tftp_kernel macb0: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x45e1) Using macb0 device TFTP from server 192.168.2.2; our IP address is 192.168.2.1 Filename 'oe_uImage.bin'. Load address: 0x21400000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ######## done Bytes transferred = 1703556 (19fe84 hex) NAND erase: device 0 offset 0xa0000, size 0x760000 Erasing at 0x7e0000 -- 100% complete. OK NAND write: device 0 offset 0xa0000, size 0x19fe84 Writing data at 0x23f800 -- 100% complete. 1703556 bytes written: OK U-Boot>
Flash the Rootfs from U-Boot
Make sure oe_rootfs.jffs2 is in your tftpboot dir then run the tftp rootfs command.
If you have TFTPBOOT_DIR set in your env-oe.sh script then this should happen automatically after building.
U-Boot> run tftp_rootfs macb0: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x45e1) Using macb0 device TFTP from server 192.168.2.2; our IP address is 192.168.2.1 Filename 'oe_rootfs.jffs2'. Load address: 0x21400000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ... ################################################################# ###### done Bytes transferred = 11010048 (a80000 hex) NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x1800000, size 0xe800000 Erasing at 0xffe0000 -- 100% complete. OK NAND write: device 0 offset 0x1800000, size 0xa80000 Writing data at 0x227f800 -- 100% complete. 11010048 bytes written: OK U-Boot>
U-Boot may not complete a response to a delayed ARP request. If your tftp transfers are timing out, you may need to add an entry to the ARP cache manually. You do not need to do anything unless you are having a problem.
$ # Add an entry for the device 00:D0:A0:02:0D:E1 with IP address 192.168.2.1 reachable via interface eth2 $ sudo arp -i eth2 -s 192.168.2.1 00:D0:A0:02:0D:E1 $ # View the ARP cache entries on interface eth2 $ arp -n -i eth2 Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.2.1 ether 00:D0:A0:02:0D:E1 CM eth2
Flashing from Linux
The kernel and root filesystem can also be flashed from Linux as part of the reboot process. The device will check for the existence of a file named /var/volatile/do_flash_upgrade to indicate that it should attempt to flash itself on reboot. If /var/volatile/do_flash_upgrade exists, it will look for the upgrade files in two locations: /var/volatile/flash-upgrade and /media/card/flash-upgrade and flash itself.
Summary
Copy kernel and rootfs to:
/var/volatile/flash-upgrade/uImage.bin
/var/volatile/flash-upgrade/rootfs.jffs2
OR
/media/card/flash-upgrade/uImage.bin
/media/card/flash-upgrade/rootfs.jffs2
Run touch /var/volatile/do_flash_upgrade
Run reboot
The file names must match above exactly and are case-sensitive.
Step-by-step
On the device, first create the destination directory:
mkdir /var/volatile/flash-upgrade
On your development machine, use SCP to transfer the files to the device. The following example shows flashing corecdp-base-image on an MTCDP device (MACHINE=”mtcdp”).
cd ${OETREE}/build/tmp/deploy/eglibc/images/mtcdp
scp uImage-mtcdp.bin root@192.168.2.1:/var/volatile/flash-upgrade/uImage.bin
scp corecdp-base-image-mtcdp.jffs2 root@192.168.2.1:/var/volatile/flash-upgrade/rootfs.jffs2
If you have TFTPBOOT_DIR set in your env-oe.sh script, you may also use the linked files in /tftpboot instead.
If you choose to copy uImage.bin and rootfs.jffs2 into the tmpfs mounted at /var/volatile, you will have to make sure there is enough space to fit the images in memory before hand. If you need to flash a larger image and have an SD card inserted, you can copy the images into /media/card instead.
After transferring the files to the proper location, create /var/volatile/do_flash_upgrade and reboot to initiate the upgrade.
# touch /var/volatile/do_flash_upgrade # reboot Broadcast message from root (ttyS0) (Tue Nov 15 05:35:42 2011): The system is going down for reboot NOW! INIT: Sending processes the TERM signal Stopping Dropbear SSH server: stopped /usr/sbin/dropbear (pid 303) dropbear. Stopping Vixie-cron. Deconfiguring network interfaces... done. Stopping Lighttpd Web Server: stopped /usr/sbin/lighttpd (pid 342) lighttpd. Stopping syslogd/klogd: stopped syslogd (pid 309) stopped klogd (pid 311) done Sending all processes the TERM signal... eth0: link down Sending all processes the KILL signal... Unmounting remote filesystems... /var/volatile/flash-upgrade not present, skipping Starting flash upgrade from /media/card/flash-upgrade... Flashing /dev/mtd5 (uImage) with /media/card/flash-upgrade/uImage.bin... flash_eraseall has been replaced by `flash_erase0 0`; please use it Erasing 128 Kibyte @ 740000 -- 100 % complete Writing data to block 0 at offset 0x0 Writing data to block 1 at offset 0x20000 Writing data to block 2 at offset 0x40000 Writing data to block 3 at offset 0x60000 Writing data to block 4 at offset 0x80000 Writing data to block 5 at offset 0xa0000 Writing data to block 6 at offset 0xc0000 Writing data to block 7 at offset 0xe0000 Writing data to block 8 at offset 0x100000 Writing data to block 9 at offset 0x120000 Writing data to block 10 at offset 0x140000 Writing data to block 11 at offset 0x160000 Writing data to block 12 at offset 0x180000 Writing data to block 13 at offset 0x1a0000 Writing data to block 14 at offset 0x1c0000 Flashing /dev/mtd8 (rootfs) with /media/card/flash-upgrade/rootfs.jffs2... Deactivating swap... Unmounting local filesystems... umount2: Device or resource busy umount: none busy - remounted read-only umount2: Device or resource busy umount: devtmpfs busy - remounted read-only flash_eraseall has been replaced by `flash_erase 0 0`; please use it Erasing 128 Kibyte @ 0 -- 0 % complete flash_erase: Cleanmarker written at 0 Erasing 128 Kibyte @ 20000 -- 0 % complete flash_erase: Cleanmarker written at 20000 ... Writing data to block 593 at offset 0x4a20000 Writing data to block 594 at offset 0x4a40000 Writing data to block 595 at offset 0x4a60000 Rebooting... Restarting system.